英译汉
1、既要忠实于原文，又要符合汉语的习惯
2、好的译文应该是形式与内容的统一
3、能够直译尽量不意译
4、翻译的过程应该是先理解后表达
英译汉中的英文句子主要特点
1、句子较长，结构复杂，意思不易把握
2、句子往往包含较难理解的词、词组短语和表示抽象意义的词
3、句子中往往含有比较复杂的语法现象
(1) 定语从句的译法
(2) 被动语态的处理
(3) 长句的处理等等。
做题步骤
一、理解
1、通读全文：要搞清划线的句子和其他句子之间的关系, 弄清代词 it, they, them, this, that, these, those ，other 所指代的词或词组。2、分析句子结构：首先找出句子的主语、谓语和宾语，以便明了句子的骨干结构。在分析句子的骨干结构时还应该注意分析句子成分是否有省略的地方，主句和从句之间的关系是否明确等等
二、表达：
1、直译：就是译文既保持原文的内容,又保持原文的形式。这样既保持了原文的结构,又正确表达了原文的内容。
2、意译：当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式矛盾时,可采用意译法,意译就是不拘泥于原文的形式,重点在于正确表达原文的内容在具体的翻译过程中,我们应该采取灵活的方法, 不论是直译还是意译,只要是符合 “信雅达” 的原则,都是可取的。
3、注意事项
(1) 理解透彻之后再动手表达
(2) 切忌在翻译时把汉语和英语对号入座
(3) 切忌擅自增减词意。
三、校核：对原文内容进一步核实以及对译文语言进一步推敲。注意时间地点数字的一致和符号的准确, 确保理解准确和表达流畅。
2006-11
76. But brief replies do not mean Americans are impolite or unfriendly to some extent.
但是在某种程度上，简短回答并不意味着美国人不礼貌或不友好。
77.If people praise them or thank them in an especially polite way, they may become uncomfortable and not know what to say in reply.
如果人们以特别礼貌的方式表扬或感谢他们，他们可能会变得不舒服和不知道该说什么作为回答。
78. The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists.
人口（数量）巨大的利弊一直是经济学家们讨论的话题。
79. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened.
当人口对住房的压力减少，房价也会下降，建筑业就会衰退。
80. It wasn’t until the twentieth century that women’s umbrellas began to be made in a variety of colors.
直到二十世纪妇女们的伞才开始被制造成五颜六色的。
2006-4
76. Children do not have enough experience to realize that TV shows present an unreal world; that TV advertisements lie to sell products that are sometimes bad or useless.
孩子们没有足够的经验认识到，电视节目呈现的不是现实世界；电视广告为了卖出往往是劣质的或者是没有用的产品而虚假宣传。
77. Used to TV shows, where everything is quick and interesting, they do not have the patience to read an article without pictures; to read a book that requires thinking; to listen to a teacher who doesn’t do funny things like the people on children’s programs.
77.习惯了快捷和有趣的电视节目，他们没有耐心读没有图片的文章，（也没有耐心）读需要思考的图书，（也没有耐心）聆听老师，（因为老师）不能像儿童节目里的人那样做一些有趣的事情。
78. The scientists say that those gestures, movements and so on have meaning which words do not carry.
科学家们认为这些姿态、行为等具有话语所无法表达的意义。
79. The length of time that the person whom you are speaking to looks at your eyes indicates the mount of interest he has in the things you are talking about.
从和你说话的人凝视你的时间长度就可以判断他对你们所讨论事情的兴趣程度。
80. The atmosphere is usually very friendly, and the teachers have now accepted the idea that the important thing is to make the children happy and interested.
气氛通常非常友好，老师们也都认为重要的是让学生们感到快乐和有兴趣。
2005-11
76. They contain the quickest and the most efficient means of communicating within their respective culture.
它们包含着各自文化当中最快速和最有效的交流方式。
77. Even though a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees, it is difficult for it to persuade the villagers to see this.
即使一个政府意识到了大量树木存在的重要性，它要劝说村民们也看到这点却是困难的。
78. So, unless the government has a good system of control, or can educate the people, the forests will slowly disappear.
所以，除非政府有一套好的控制体系，或者能教育人们，否则，森林将会缓慢地消失。
79. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, they certainly could not have made twenty pins in a day and not even one.
但是如果他们所有人分散工作，没有劳动分工，他们肯定不可能一天生产出20个大头针，甚至一个也生产不出来。
80. But he also took it for granted that division of labor is itself responsible for economic growth and development and it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still.
但是他想当然地认为劳动分工本身就可以促进经济增长和发展并且以此来解释增长的经济体和那些停滞不前的经济体的不同。
2005-4
76. When a hungry man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat, when a manager gets a new sports car, a big house and pleasure boats dance into view.
当一个饥饿的人吃了一顿饱饭，他就开始考虑外套，当一个经理得到一辆新跑车后，一所大房子和游艇就在期待中了。
77. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction, that is, the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation, this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness.
其它层次都涉及的是物质的满足，那就是，饮食、舒适、安全和交通，而这个层次强调认同、成就和幸福等精神需要。
78. For instance, when in a new situation, an intelligent person thinks about the situation, not about himself or what might happen to him.
比如置身一个新环境时，一个聪明人就会考虑环境而不是他自己或者自己会会发生什么事。
79. But, the unintelligent child keeps more to himself and his own dream-world; he seems to have a wall between him and life in general.
但是，不聪明的孩子更关注自己和他梦想的世界；一般而言在他和周围的生活之间似乎有堵墙。
80. In Chinese and in English literature, a phrase like “he went pale and begin to tremble”suggests that the man is either very afraid or he has just got a very big shock.
在中国和英国文学当中，这样的习语“他脸色苍白，浑身颤抖”就表示这个人很害怕或者受到很大的打击。
三级真题汉译英
一、分析句子，找出主要成分：主语和谓语
二、根据单词储备选择与之相对应的英语词
汇；特别注意时态和介词的搭配使用
三、按照句法，摆好个部分的位置
四、审读译出的句子，适当调整
2007-11
81. 每个人都喜欢受表扬而不是批评。
Everyone likes to be praised rather than be criticized.
82. 人们抱怨当地政府在处理污染问题上力度不够。
People complain that the local government didn’t try its best to deal with the issue of pollution.
It is complained that the local government hasn’t taken
enough measure to deal with pollution
83.只要你尽力而为，即使将来失败也没有人会指责你。
As long as you do what you can /try your best, no one will accuse/blame you even if you fail it in the future.
84. 他告诉我要慢慢来，没有必要提前完成这项工作。
He told me to take my time and it was unecessary to complete the job in advance.
85. 我们推迟了这个会议，以便能够更好地应付紧张的局势。
We put off this meeting so as to cope with the tense situations better
07/4
81．事实上，水污染的危害远不止这点。
In fact, the harm of water pollution are far more than this.
82．这个问题不像我们最初想象的那么复杂。
This issue is not so complicated as I imagined at first.
83．如果你那时没有及时离开，我无法想象会发生什么情况。
If you had not left in time then, I could not imagine what would have happened.
84．他们发现在下午6点前不可能完成这项工作。
They found it impossible to finish this job before 6 pm.
85．由于我没有读过这本书，所以我无法对此作出评论。
Since I haven’t read the book, I couldn’t comment on it.
06/11
81．她的工作是照看这些老人。
Her job is to look after these aged people.
82. 学生应该在上课之前完成家庭作业。
The students should finish their homework before they go to class.
83．这些老人养成了每天早上锻炼的习惯。
These old people have developed the habit of doing exercise morning
84．如果到处都太拥挤，旅行会令人很不愉快。
If it is too crowded everywhere, the trip will be very unpleasant.
85．我不知道你那奇怪的想法来自何处。
I don’t know where your strange idea has come from.
06/4
81. 他起得很早为的是赶上第一班公共汽车。
He got up very early in order to catch the first bus.
82. 直到昨天晚上他才改变了他的主意。
It was not until yesterday evening that he changed his mind. /He didn’t change his mind until last night.
83. 同意这项建议的请举手。
Please raise your hands whoever agree to the suggestion.
The people who agree to the suggestin pleas raise your hands.
84. 无论多忙，你都应该抽时间看望父母。
No matter how busy you are, you should find time to visit your parents.
85. 每次访问他们都会发现这个城市呈现出新的面貌。
Every time they visit the city, and they find that it is taking on a new look.
05/11
81．正是那棵树在洪水中救了他们的命。
It was that tree that saved their lives in the flood.
82．我们无法想象在那个遥远的星球上存在什么东西。
It is beyond our imagination that what exits in that star which is so far away.
We can’t imagine what exists in that distant planet.
83．他今早上学又迟到了。昨晚他肯定是睡得太晚了。
He was late for school again this morning. He must have slept too late last night.
84．父母没有预料到孩子的问题这样难回答。
The parents did not expect that their child’s question was too hard to give a reply.
The parents did not expect it so difficult to answer —–
85．然而，在那个国家还有成千上万的年轻人却很难找到工作。
However, it’s still hard for thousands of young people to find jobs in that country.
However, there are still thousands of young people who are hard to find a job in that country.
05/4
81．使我感到惊奇的是，他的英语说得如此的好。
What surprised me is that she could speak English so well.
82．开会的时间到了，咱们把收音机关了吧。
It is time for the meeting. Let’s turn off the radio.
83．尽管有许多困难，我们仍然决心执行我们的计划。
Although there are a lot of difficulties, we are still determined to carry out our plan.
84．我们居住的地球是一个大球体。
The earth we are living is a big sphere/ball.
85．我们向李先生学习，因为他有丰富的工作经验。
We learn from Mr. Li, because he is rich in working experiences.